Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Citrus enation - woody gall (?) luteovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987. Revised by R.F. Lee, 1989.

Nomenclature

ICTV decimal code

39.0.1.T.DE.1

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Citrus limon - abaxial enations on main leaf veins of seedlings and woody galls in older trees.
• C. aurantifolia, C. paradisi, C. sinensis - enations on leaves of seedling.
• C. reticulata - few or no symptoms.
• Also found in Ficus sp., Ulmus sp., Morus sp., Rosa sp., Prunus domestica, Viburnum sp., Eucalyptus sp. in coastal regions of N.S.W., Australia - woody galls.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Toxoptera citricidus, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii; Aphididae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; transmitted by grafting (of buds).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Australia (the central coast region of N.S.W., citrus trees are found far from citrus plantations. Such feral trees are often infected with woody gall, and similar galls are occasionally seen on other species), South Africa and the USA (in California and most citrus growing countries).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Citrus limon - enation in seedlings and galls after 18 months.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Citrus limon.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Citrus limon (W).

Susceptible host species

• Citrus aurantifolia
• Citrus aurantium
• Citrus limon
• Citrus paradisi
• Citrus reticulata
• Citrus sinensis
• Eucalyptus
• Ficus
• Morus alba
• Prunus domestica
• Rosa
• Ulmus
• Viburnum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Caprifoliaceae (1/1)
• Moraceae (2/2)
• Myrtaceae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (2/2)
• Rutaceae (6/6)
• Ulmaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Fraser and Broadbent (1979).

Physical and biochemical properties

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; 24-26 nm in diameter (Hooper et al., 1974; Maharaj and da Graca, 1988).

Cytopathology

Virions found in phloem, companion cells and the bark in cambium.

Taxonomy and relationships

Possible Luteovirus

Comments and References

References

• Fraser, L.R. (1959). Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. LXXIV: 332.
• Fraser, L.R. and Broadbent, P. (1979). "Virus and Related Diseases of Citrus in New South Wales", p. 50. Dep. Agric. N.S.W. Surrey Beatty and Sons Pty Ltd, Australia.
• Hooper, G.R., Spink, G.C. and Myers, R. (1974). Virology cited by P.R. Desjardins et al. (1974) Proc. 6th Conf. Int. Org. Citrus Virol., Univ. California, Riverside, U.S.A.
• Maharaj, S.B. and da Graca, J.V. (1988). Phytophylactica 20: 357.
• McLean, A.P.D. (1954). S. Afr. J. Sci. 50: 147.
• Wallace, J.M. and Drake, R.J. (1953). Calif. Citrogr. 38: 180.
• Wallace, J.M. and Drake, R.J. (1960). Pl. Dis. Reptr 44: 580.
• Wallace, J.M. and Drake, R.J. (1961). Pl. Dis. Reptr 45: 682.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.